Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A comprehensive overview

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Azelaic acid 15% gel twice daily significantly reduced acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) in dark-skinned patients after 16 weeks. Azelaic acid 20% cream, compared to its vehicle, significantly reduced melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after 24 weeks.

2017

https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(17)30129-9/fulltext#sec4.2

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Randomized, phase III, double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 12 weeks of twice-daily azelaic acid foam, 15% in papulopustular rosacea

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Twice daily use of azelaic acid foam showed statistically significant decreases in lesion count and greater overall improvement over vehicle. Adverse effects were mild to moderate and resolved by the end of the study.

2015

https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(15)00367-9/fulltext

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Multiple mechanisms of action of azelaic acid: New findings

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Azelaic acid has antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antikeratinizing effects.

2009

https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(08)01871-9/fulltext

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Systematic review of rosacea treatments.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Azelaic acid is more effective than placebo in improving rosacea.

2007

https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(06)02262-6/fulltext

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Combination azelaic acid therapy for acne vulgaris.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Azelaic acid is more effective when combined with other medications such as topical benzoyl peroxide 4% gel, clindamycin 1% gel, tretinoin 0.025% cream, and eythromycin 3%/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel.

2000

https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(00)37259-0/fulltext

Acta Derma Venerol

Clinical and laboratory studies on treatment with 20% azelaic acid cream for acne.

Acta Derma Venerol

Treatment with azelaic acid 20% cream, compared to placebo, significantly reduced inflamed lesions after 1 month and non-inflamed lesions after 2 months. It also significantly reduced follicular propionibacterium density after 2 months.

1989

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2528256?dopt=Abstract

Acta Derma Venerol

Clinical studies of 20% azelaic acid cream in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Comparison with vehicle and topical tretinoin.

Acta Derma Venerol

Azelaic acid 20% cream was significantly more effective than its vehicle at reducing acne after 3 months. Azelaic acid 20% cream was equally as effective as tretinoin 0.05% in reducing comedonal acne and overall response, however it was better tolerated with fewer side effects.

1989

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2528257?dopt=Abstract